Credit Cards: Over 41% of Total Revenue Going to “Fraud Prevention”

Credit card issuing companies are spending upward of 41% of total revenue every year on — more or less futile anyway — attempts to prevent (or at least limit) credit card fraud. This is a well-known fact throughout the banking and credit card industries.

Outdated Infrastructure

Largely anachronistic money transfer systems such as credit cards but also bank wire transfer technologies, dating from the age of the telegraph but still in use today, prove increasingly unfit for today’ where much more frequently than in pre-internet days some sort of “overseas” aspect is present.

High Extra Cost Consumers Have to Pay

Despite the high extra cost thus associated with all “international” transactions, a large percentage of transactions in the consumer and B2C fields alone involve a “foreign” party in today’s world. These “overseas” transactions are particularly prone to fraud or other kinds of loss as legacy systems used by banks were not designed to process the volume of worldwide transfers they have to in this day and age.

Making It Worse: the Only “Features” That Are New

Banks’ only “innovation” offered is the reckless integration of useless, and even more risky, new features into retails customer credit cards such as NFC (near-field communications). This makes the unsuitability of both credit cards and banks themselves for the real world even more obvious. All “new” NFC-equipped cards can be read at points of sale without card terminal contact, a fact that is already frequently used for cracking into and fraudulently charging to cards located in bags and wallets of passers-by.

Will Be Worse in the Future

Therefore, it is quite likely that these 41% will increase even further, unless a fundamental shift in the technologies employed takes place — even as established banks appear to see very little reason to finally offer their customers appropriate, modernised tools and business models.

Much rather, it will be “business as usual”: banks will roll all their costs (and losses) over to the “stupid little customer” who, in their view, is only “there to be milked” (or slaughtered). If you feel insecure about using NFC-enabled debit or credit cards, send them back to your bank and ask for a replacement without that “feature”. It might even make your “usage fees” lower in the long run.

Gold Bars Collection at the Bank of England Museum

The International Gold Bars Collection is at the Bank of England Museum from 19 February to 14 May 1998. The article below outlines basics of exhibits and general precious metals information for well-versed investors. More related information can be found in the Gold and Silver Bullion & Coin Investing Guide available here as an audiobook edition.

Bar Types, Weights and Purities — Cast and Minted

Most gold bars are classified into two ‘types’, depending on their method of manufacture: cast and minted. Cast bars are those made by the pouring of molten gold into a mould of specified dimensions. Markings are then applied manually or by a press. Minted bars are made from gold blanks that have been stamped out to the required dimensions from a flat strip of gold. Markings are normally applied by minting presses (as in the case of gold coins).

Bar Weights, Precious Metals Denominations

Gold bars can be denominated in different units of weight to accommodate the preferences of different geographical regions:

* Grammes – International
* Ounces – Mainly English-speaking countries: USA, UK and Australia
* Tolas – Mainly India, Pakistan, Middle East, Singapore
* Taels – Mainly Chinese-speaking countries: Hong Kong, Taiwan, China
* Bahts – Thailand
* Chi – Vietnam
* Dons – Korea

Gold Weight Conversion Table

Grammes Troy Ounces
100 g – 3.2151 oz
1 oz 31.1035 g –
10 tola 116.638 g 3.75 oz
5 tael 187.145 g 6.017 oz
10 baht 152.44 g 4.901 oz
5 chi 18.750 g 0.603 oz
10 don 37.500 g 1.206 oz

Cast Bar Weights: Grammes and Ounces

Twenty-seven internationally accredited manufacturers produce small cast bars in grammes (500 g or less) and ounces (20 oz or less). In grammes, 10 weights are available, from 500 g to 10 g. In ounces, 7 weights are available, from 20 oz to � oz. The smallest cast bar in grammes weighs 10 g, first made in Brazil by Degussa (since 1985) as well as subsequently by Ourinvest and CRM.

The most popular small cast bars in Europe, Brazil and Japan are 500 g, 250 g and 100 g bars. Ounce bars are preferred in English-speaking countries: USA, UK and Australia.

The smallest cast bar in ounces is the � oz ‘button’ bar made by the Perth Mint (Australia) since 1976.

Standard Minted Bars

The manufacture of minted bars worldwide is dominated by 4 accredited manufacturers in Switzerland, providing around 35% of all minted bar types available.

* Argor-Heraeus – Subsidiary of Union Bank of Switzerland
* Metalor – Subsidiary of Swiss Bank Corporation
* Valcambi – Subsidiary of Credit Suisse
* Pamp SA

The three Swiss manufacturers, which are subsidiaries of banks, normally issue their bars internationally with the brand name of the bank.

Since 1974, an innovation of Credit Suisse, many minted bars have a plain decorative design (incorporating the name of the issuer) on the reverse side of the bar. An example of this is displayed in the Exhibition.

Minted Bar Weights: Grammes and Ounces

Minted bars are a modern phenomenon. Among accredited refiners worldwide, Argor-Heraeus (Switzerland) is believed to have been the first to issue a range of minted bars, in 1952. Now, 23 internationally accredited manufacturers produce minted bars in grammes or ounces.

In grammes, 16 weights are available, ranging from 500 g to 0.3 g. In ounces, 8 weights are available, from 20 oz to 1/10 oz. The Exhibition displays the world’s largest minted bars: the 20 oz and 500 g which are manufactured by Johnson Matthey (Canada).

Smallest Minted Bars

Tanaka (Japan) has manufactured the world’s smallest minted bars, mainly for the jewellery industry since 1990. They weigh only 0.5 g and 0.3 g. 1 g minted bars, first issued by Credit Suisse (Switzerland) in 1980, are manufactured by 12 accredited manufacturers worldwide, including Degussa and Heraeus.

Bar Purities

All bars record the assayed purity of the gold content, expressed in units per 100, 1000 or 10000.

Although there is an international trend to 99.99% gold bars, standard bars still vary among countries. For example:

* Dubai – 99.9%
* Iran – 99.5%
* Hong Kong – 99%
* Thailand – 96.5%

Large 400 oz (12.5 kg) ‘London Good Delivery’ bars, held by central banks, normally have a minimum purity of 99.5%.

(Source of gold bar information and photographs: “The Industry Catalogue of Gold Bars Worldwide” and Gold and Silver Bullion & Coin Investing Guide; please note that the link is to its audiobook edition).

The Right Tools for These Unusual Markets

5x-leveraged long and short, called "Bull" or "Bear" coins
Bull- and Bear-market ups and downs illustrated. Image (c) 2022 ffWeb. All rights reserved.

To trade Crypto coin calls or puts, Gate.io is a great exchange offering 5x long and short positions along with many other trading choices. Of course, it’s FREE to sign up for a trading account there. Wondering what to do in falling Crypto markets? Looking for smart strategies to make the best of a pretty bad situation? Then read this post and discover pro trader methods! In this article, you will discover the tools you need for the type of free-falling markets we have been witnessing in Crypto coins for multi-months a little while ago.

Tools to Apply to Any Market Situation

Find the right tools for any market, good or very bad ones! In this article, you will be introduced to and find some explanations about the tools and strategies you need in order to prepare and turn big profits on the back of the breakdown we’ve been experiencing in bitcoins across the board. No matter if it gets worse, or how nasty it’s going to be specifically, here’s how you can turn the tables on markets “doing this to you” right now! There are “Tools of the Trader” that are meant to be used specifically in markets like this! It’s not simply “buy low, sell high” or “buy now and wait for better times” but something more refined (and much more effective).

Call and Put Options for Crypto Markets

To do the same on Bitcoin as an underlying asset, you can use Crypto Long-Instruments and Short-Instruments. These are similar to Calls and Puts as we know them in other markets. Here they are structured as “perpetual leveraged positions” in a Crypto asset, i e a specific coin such as Bitcoin, Ether, Litecoin, Dogecoin, and many more. To see what this looks likein real life, use this chart and link to register for a trading account on Gate.io. Again, tt’s FREE to sign up.

If you like this post and want to stay in the loop on available “Tools of the Trader” and strategies, then please subscribe on this website in order to be notified of news and updates like this one WHEN the markets change and WHEN they’re needed.

Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only, as are all articles and posts on this website. None of the information in this or our other publications or articles on this site is financial advice. Content authors do not even know your individual situation and, therefore, cannot and do not offer such financial advice here.

Opinions expressed in these articles and posts  are observations, thoughts, and analyses of the article or post author and opinions derived from them. Do not rely on them or any other content of our videos for your own trades or investments; do your own due diligence and/or seek any necessary financial advice from licensed professionals before investing your money.

Disclosure notice: Links in the description above are affiliate links; if you click them for signing up, I will receive a commission — and YOU RECEIVE rebates on trading fees they offer on Gate.io for referred customers, depending on the individual offer chosen.

After the FTX-Fraud Fiasco: Alternatives to Democrat Top Donors and Other Conmen

With Bankfried’s (or Sam Bankman-Fried, or what that character out there calls himself) on-purpose fiasco and shameful exit designed to give Crypto coins a bad name, alternatives are needed for traders looking for option-style opportunities. Not only is Bankfried not what some people thought he was, the entire FTX fiasco isn’t either. The breakdown of FTX is not proof for “Bitcoin being bad” whatsoever. Bitcoin is about de-centralization (not about banks, not about privately-controlled exchanges, not about the credibility of some “conscious” capitalist or the lack of it) but Bitcoin is about cutting out the middleman. This includes middle-men like Bankfried, or Joe Biden, or Donald Trump — the list doesn’t stop here (only that the latter two never had a clue about Bitcoin or internet or high-tech, at al — for better or worse).

So the failure of yet-another centrally-controlled entity causing some damage to a number of Crypto-market participants does not even touch about the concept of de-centralization. It’s not rocket science to figure this out.

Bitcoiners who obey by common-sense rules of storing their coin in paper wallets or in cold storage, and never rely on others to store them for them were doing just fine — and did not lose a penny. So, when you look at it closely, the FTX-Fraud fiasco does not damage Bitcoin but it confirms Bitcoin and its safety — except for user error and negligence, both of which affected users alone are to blame for.

You do not leave money in hot wallets and/or on exchanges, but you bring it back home at the end of a trade or at the end of a trading day. You do not leave it on Coinbase, on FTX, let alone on Binance, a minute longer than needed. Yes, it is convenient to use an exchange’s or other provider’s public and private keys to store your coins in — but no, it is dangerous: not your keys, not your coins. Simple as that.

Regardless, for the loss of leveraged long and short coins on BTC, LTC, ETH and others, there is a replacement needed for options-style leveraged trading that FTX’ “Bull” tokens and “Bear” tokens offered back in the day. An alternative might be with other exchanges, and we’ll look into that further in a separate article.

Maybe, we all can resume trading leveraged long and short positions with alternative tools — on other exchanges, and always with the above safety measures in place.

Asset Classes or The Difference Between Paper Assets and Commodities

Asset classes, tangibles symbolized by precious metalsBusiness persons and investors use to distinguish between four major asset classes. These asset classes are Business, Real Estate, Paper Assets, and Commodities.

The reason for separating these four asset classes is that these four types of assets perform differently throughout different periods of the economic cycle.

It is crucial to understand the different asset classes’ different characteristics or “personalities” in order to make informed investment decisions. Today’s mass media and business or investment publications, however, do a great job of blurring the view of these, in fact, simple characteristics and mislead investors by an enormous load of background noise or outright stupid news. This happens for two reasons: (1) publications often have a vested interest in certain kinds of investments and want to “please” their ad clients and (2) the enormous speed at which these publications and their “payload” content need to be produced by junior employees or third-class journalists. Add to this the fact that commercial ticker content is largely uniform these days and you will understand whether or not it is a good idea to use media content to base investment decisions upon.

Each of the four asset classes have their particular advantages and disadvantages, ranging from complexity to risk and similar aspects. Not all asset classes fit all investors. For example, running a business requires the most effort and is the most people-intensive of the asset classes while providing the greatest profit opportunity as well as control. Paper assets, on the other hand, are the least demanding but normally offer very little control.

A more fundamental aspect though is between paper assets on one hand and commodities on the other. While paper assets do not have any intrinsic value, commodities do (as well as does real estate). The reason for this is that commodities as well as real estate address basic issues human needs (food and shelter) and will, therefore, be in demand as long as there are humans on this planet, The fact that something is of “natural” value means that its value will never go to zero. Prices will fluctuate and will either go up or down or sideways, but they will never go away. The price of shares, on the other hand, may “disappear” in an instant if a company goes bankrupt. On top, bakrupty laws provide that shareholders are compensated last and after all other debts have been settled.

These facts are well known by precious metals investors and these facts are the very reason for precious metals to be considered a safe haven investment. When times get tough and when the risk of bankruptcy increases, the “insurance policy” of holding precious metals becomes more appealing to investors. What exact portion of a portfolio is moved into precious metals is a matter of taste but classic advice usually recommended holding one third of one’s assets in precious metals. It should be noted, however, that diversification is not necessarily prudent and may even prevent profits. Rather, the asset class performing best during a particular period of the economic cycle should be allocated a larger portion.

Remember that “holding precious” metals does not mean to buy Gold or Silver ETFs. These are paper assets, just like stocks and bonds, and come with similar risks associated. Unlike physical precious metals, ETFs do have an inherent counterparty risk (bankruptcy of fund company) as well as systemic risk (everything from cash value and acceptance to the proper functioning of phone or internet connections to bank branches being open for business or ATMs running flawlessly; this means that a myriad of systems that are totally beyond your control need to be fully operational before you can expect to receive any of your money back).

The only thing you can control without any counterparty and systemic risks is the money you hold in your hands. In normal times, this includes the cash (paper money) in your pocket but if there is a currency crisis, not even your dollars or pounds or German reichmarks of 1923 are worth the paper they are printed on.

This is exactly why people buy physical bullion. It is a matter of eliminating all the risks that might materialize in financial or political crises. As banks do not make much money from customers interested in physical bullion, these people are called “Goldbugs” or all sorts of names by loyal bank employees who care about their own job and their employer rather than the customer they purport to serve. A “Goldbug” is actually someone holding gold “no matter what”, whether it is in good times or bad. That is not what is recommended for the precious metals investor, though, as physical bullion is the right investment for those times when it makes sense to load up on the “insurance policy” in order to be covered in case one of the risks above materializes.

Times like these also very easily justify the “cost” of physical bullion which is the premium over spot prices and — if you will — the fictitious interest lost which in light of current interest rates is not much anyway. As this cost is usually recovered by a small move of just a few points in the spot price, holding physical bullion usually “pays” for itself within a very short period of time.

Apple Pushing a Proprietary Payments System for iOS

Apple, Inc. (NASDAQ:AAPL) have removed a number of Bitcoin-related iOS applications from their proprietary online App Store. While in some cases, Apple failed to even give a proper reason for their move, other app developers have received notifications from Apple , Inc. that Bitcoin payment functionality, in a stricter sense, needed to be removed for apps to stay “acceptable” for Apple’s platform.

The measure taken by Apple, Inc. has resulted in the extinction of usable payment applications for Bitcoin on Apple iOS devices such as iPhone, iPad or iPod touch for the time being. Only a few apps that show just Bitcoin wallet balances or general prices on Bitcoin exchanges continue to be “permissible” for Apple. The company have, therefore, censored all truly useful Bitcoin applications for the widely used Apple devices out of existence.

This is yet another attempt at a proprietary, corporate-run, centrally-controlled system instead of using state-of-the-art technology, which is decentralized Crypto and private blockchains to deliver decentralized consensus and overall payments operations worldwide at low cost.

This kind of corporate policy has infuriated a large number of mobile device users. As a short-term result, a number of fixes for the problems caused by unavailable official App Store programs supporting full Bitcoin payments functionality have already appeared. Most prominent among these is … These are only functional on jail-broken iOS devices though. (“Jail breaking” means removing existing and re-installing modified versions of the operating system onto original devices in order to circumvent DRM (Digital Restrictions Management) technologies present in standard Apple items.)

Apple, Inc. have a vested interest in electronic payments systems. The reason for Apple fighting Bitcoin is that the company appears to be determined to introduce their own payments system for Apple mobile devices. Apple’s planned system is said to be designed for PoS payments (point-of-sale payments) and to also be suitable for small or micro payments useful, for example, for downloading music or movies from Apple’s proprietary iTunes platform.

Forcing users to not use Bitcoin seems to be “okay” then for a large corporation trying to, obviously increasingly desperately, introduce something they see as the next big thing into the market predominantly for their own good, not the users’ who would certainly benefit much more from using low-cost and reliable Crypto currency payments such as Bitcoin.

Secured Payments Worldwide

Forget about PayPal, forget about Credit Cards, forget about that 19th century dinosaur system S.W.I.F.T sending paper currency using a technology that’s outdated and almost 200 years old. What’s needed is something to help you re-gain control, something cutting out the middleman, particularly banks and their organizations co-operating diligently to siphon off percentages from EVERY transaction. Get rid of the financial Cosa Nostra like credit card companies or PayPal.

The Technology Is Here

The technology is here to put yourself in the driver’s seat, we just need to use it by analyzing the current situation intelligently and deploying appropriate tools and de-centralized control.

Gold & Silver Physical Gold & Silver Articles and Site Content

In this section of the FXFO.com website, you will find a wide range of gold and silver bullion and coin investment questions answered, from how and where to buy and how much to pay to what specific types of precious-metals investments are most recommended and popular among the smart money and professionals investors in the Gold and Silver markets.

Select from the menu above to discover more in-depth articles for Gold and Silver investors and explore a wealth of real-life insights and FREE information on the topic.

Physical Gold & Silver

The time for precious metals is now — and continues to be, until the markets awash with paper money on one hand and the remains of a burst real estate bubble brought about by reckless monetary policy during the last decades on the other find equilibrium again. We are far from having arrived there, and gold and silver being literally only dumb pieces of metal are for investors who want the “insurance policy” until then. Physical bullion and bullion coins are free of counterparty risk, systemic risk and other risks that tend to materialize during uncertain times, and thus are for smart investors rather than just for goldbugs.

During uncertain times, investors buy physical bullion and bullion coins as a safe-haven investment, relying on the intrinsic value that will always be above zero — unlike paper money or stocks, both of which can fall to zero in a matter of weeks or even days, and throughout economic history repeatedly have done so.

Through our SoundMoney subsidiary, we offer both physical gold and silver bullion and bullion coins at competitive prices. We deliver worldwide via insured parcel or courier service. Due to our tax planning considerations and strategic business location we are in a position to offer silver bullion coins tax-free and without additional import duties for investors throughout all of Europe and tax-free physical gold and silver to American and international clients.